What should patients avoid while taking MAO inhibitors to prevent a serious complication?

Patients taking MAO inhibitors should avoid aged cheeses and cured meats to prevent a serious complication known as hypertensive crisis. MAO inhibitors work by inhibiting the monoamine oxidase enzyme, which is responsible for breaking down certain neurotransmitters and also degrading tyramine, a naturally occurring substance found in certain foods. When tyramine is consumed in large amounts while taking MAO inhibitors, it can lead to dangerously high blood pressure due to the localization of tyramine effects, which release norepinephrine.

Aged cheeses and cured meats are particularly high in tyramine, making their consumption risky for individuals on MAO inhibitors. Other foods that are also high in tyramine include fermented products, certain kinds of beer, and some soy products. Therefore, adhering to dietary restrictions regarding these types of foods is crucial for maintaining patient safety and avoiding serious complications associated with MAO inhibitor therapy.